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STM32模拟SPI协议控制数字电位器MCP41010电阻值
MCP41010是单路8位分辨率数字电位器，通过SPI接口可控制电位器阻值分配，相当于PW0端在PA0和PB0之间滑动。如下图所示：
MCP41010是10K欧姆规格的数字电位器，即PA0和PB0之间的阻值恒定为10K，PW0与PA0或PW0与PB0之间的阻值互补可配。
另外有相关型号不同阻值规格和集成双路的MCP系列数字电位器，其控制原理相同：
这里介绍STM32模拟SPI协议控制数字电位器MCP41010的代码范例。采用STM32CUBEIDE开发平台，以STM32F401RCT6为例。
STM32工程配置
首先建立基本工程并设置时钟：
采用内部时钟源即可：
配置3个GPIO作为模拟SPI的管脚：
保存并生成初始工程代码：
STM32工程代码
代码里用到的微秒延时函数参考： STM32 HAL us delay（微秒延时）的指令延时实现方式及优化
代码的实现功能为每隔5秒将阻值从低值，中值和高值进行转变，用万用表即可测试阻值验证。
建立MCP41010.h头文件：
#ifndef INC_MCP41010_H_
#define INC_MCP41010_H_#include "main.h"
void PY_Delay_us_t(uint32_t Delay);void MCP41010_Init(void);
void MCP41010_SHUTDONW(void);
void MCP41010_Write(uint8_t data);#endif /* INC_MCP41010_H_ */建立MCP41010.c源文件：
#include "MCP41010.h"#define MCP41010_CS_L HAL_GPIO_WritePin(GPIOB, GPIO_PIN_0, GPIO_PIN_RESET)
#define MCP4101_CS_H HAL_GPIO_WritePin(GPIOB, GPIO_PIN_0, GPIO_PIN_SET)#define MCP4101_SCK_L HAL_GPIO_WritePin(GPIOB, GPIO_PIN_1, GPIO_PIN_RESET)
#define MCP4101_SCK_H HAL_GPIO_WritePin(GPIOB, GPIO_PIN_1, GPIO_PIN_SET)#define MCP4101_SI_L HAL_GPIO_WritePin(GPIOB, GPIO_PIN_2, GPIO_PIN_RESET)
#define MCP4101_SI_H HAL_GPIO_WritePin(GPIOB, GPIO_PIN_2, GPIO_PIN_SET)#define SPI_Delay_us 2void MCP41010_Init(void)
{MCP4101_CS_H;
}void MCP41010_SHUTDONW(void)
{uint16_t MD=0x2100;MCP41010_CS_L;PY_Delay_us_t(SPI_Delay_us);for(uint8_t i=0;i<16;i++){MCP4101_SCK_L;if(MD&0x8000){MCP4101_SI_H;}else {MCP4101_SI_L;}PY_Delay_us_t(SPI_Delay_us);MCP4101_SCK_H;MD<<=1;PY_Delay_us_t(SPI_Delay_us);}MCP4101_SCK_L;PY_Delay_us_t(SPI_Delay_us);MCP4101_CS_H ;}void MCP41010_Write(uint8_t data)
{uint16_t MD=0x1100;MD |= data;MCP41010_CS_L;PY_Delay_us_t(SPI_Delay_us);for(uint8_t i=0;i<16;i++){MCP4101_SCK_L;if(MD&0x8000){MCP4101_SI_H;}else {MCP4101_SI_L;}PY_Delay_us_t(SPI_Delay_us);MCP4101_SCK_H;MD<<=1;PY_Delay_us_t(SPI_Delay_us);}MCP4101_SCK_L;PY_Delay_us_t(SPI_Delay_us);MCP4101_CS_H ;
}main.c文件里实现测试功能：
/* USER CODE BEGIN Header */
/********************************************************************************* @file : main.c* @brief : Main program body******************************************************************************* @attention** Copyright (c) 2023 STMicroelectronics.* All rights reserved.** This software is licensed under terms that can be found in the LICENSE file* in the root directory of this software component.* If no LICENSE file comes with this software, it is provided AS-IS.********************************************************************************/
/* USER CODE END Header */
/* Includes ------------------------------------------------------------------*/
#include "main.h"/* Private includes ----------------------------------------------------------*/
/* USER CODE BEGIN Includes */
#include "MCP41010.h"
/* USER CODE END Includes *//* Private typedef -----------------------------------------------------------*/
/* USER CODE BEGIN PTD */
__IO float usDelayBase;
void PY_usDelayTest(void)
{__IO uint32_t firstms, secondms;__IO uint32_t counter = 0;firstms = HAL_GetTick()+1;secondms = firstms+1;while(uwTick!=firstms) ;while(uwTick!=secondms) counter++;usDelayBase = ((float)counter)/1000;
}void PY_Delay_us_t(uint32_t Delay)
{__IO uint32_t delayReg;__IO uint32_t usNum = (uint32_t)(Delay*usDelayBase);delayReg = 0;while(delayReg!=usNum) delayReg++;
}void PY_usDelayOptimize(void)
{__IO uint32_t firstms, secondms;__IO float coe = 1.0;firstms = HAL_GetTick();PY_Delay_us_t(1000000) ;secondms = HAL_GetTick();coe = ((float)1000)/(secondms-firstms);usDelayBase = coe*usDelayBase;
}void PY_Delay_us(uint32_t Delay)
{__IO uint32_t delayReg;__IO uint32_t msNum = Delay/1000;__IO uint32_t usNum = (uint32_t)((Delay%1000)*usDelayBase);if(msNum>0) HAL_Delay(msNum);delayReg = 0;while(delayReg!=usNum) delayReg++;
}/* USER CODE END PTD *//* Private define ------------------------------------------------------------*/
/* USER CODE BEGIN PD *//* USER CODE END PD *//* Private macro -------------------------------------------------------------*/
/* USER CODE BEGIN PM *//* USER CODE END PM *//* Private variables ---------------------------------------------------------*//* USER CODE BEGIN PV *//* USER CODE END PV *//* Private function prototypes -----------------------------------------------*/
void SystemClock_Config(void);
static void MX_GPIO_Init(void);
/* USER CODE BEGIN PFP *//* USER CODE END PFP *//* Private user code ---------------------------------------------------------*/
/* USER CODE BEGIN 0 *//* USER CODE END 0 *//*** @brief The application entry point.* @retval int*/
int main(void)
{/* USER CODE BEGIN 1 *//* USER CODE END 1 *//* MCU Configuration--------------------------------------------------------*//* Reset of all peripherals, Initializes the Flash interface and the Systick. */HAL_Init();/* USER CODE BEGIN Init *//* USER CODE END Init *//* Configure the system clock */SystemClock_Config();/* USER CODE BEGIN SysInit *//* USER CODE END SysInit *//* Initialize all configured peripherals */MX_GPIO_Init();/* USER CODE BEGIN 2 */PY_usDelayTest();PY_usDelayOptimize();MCP41010_Init();/* USER CODE END 2 *//* Infinite loop *//* USER CODE BEGIN WHILE */while (1){MCP41010_Write(0x01);PY_Delay_us_t(5000000);MCP41010_Write(0x80);PY_Delay_us_t(5000000);MCP41010_Write(0xFF);PY_Delay_us_t(5000000);/* USER CODE END WHILE *//* USER CODE BEGIN 3 */}/* USER CODE END 3 */
}/*** @brief System Clock Configuration* @retval None*/
void SystemClock_Config(void)
{RCC_OscInitTypeDef RCC_OscInitStruct = {0};RCC_ClkInitTypeDef RCC_ClkInitStruct = {0};/** Configure the main internal regulator output voltage*/__HAL_RCC_PWR_CLK_ENABLE();__HAL_PWR_VOLTAGESCALING_CONFIG(PWR_REGULATOR_VOLTAGE_SCALE2);/** Initializes the RCC Oscillators according to the specified parameters* in the RCC_OscInitTypeDef structure.*/RCC_OscInitStruct.OscillatorType = RCC_OSCILLATORTYPE_HSI;RCC_OscInitStruct.HSIState = RCC_HSI_ON;RCC_OscInitStruct.HSICalibrationValue = RCC_HSICALIBRATION_DEFAULT;RCC_OscInitStruct.PLL.PLLState = RCC_PLL_ON;RCC_OscInitStruct.PLL.PLLSource = RCC_PLLSOURCE_HSI;RCC_OscInitStruct.PLL.PLLM = 16;RCC_OscInitStruct.PLL.PLLN = 336;RCC_OscInitStruct.PLL.PLLP = RCC_PLLP_DIV4;RCC_OscInitStruct.PLL.PLLQ = 7;if (HAL_RCC_OscConfig(&RCC_OscInitStruct) != HAL_OK){Error_Handler();}/** Initializes the CPU, AHB and APB buses clocks*/RCC_ClkInitStruct.ClockType = RCC_CLOCKTYPE_HCLK|RCC_CLOCKTYPE_SYSCLK|RCC_CLOCKTYPE_PCLK1|RCC_CLOCKTYPE_PCLK2;RCC_ClkInitStruct.SYSCLKSource = RCC_SYSCLKSOURCE_PLLCLK;RCC_ClkInitStruct.AHBCLKDivider = RCC_SYSCLK_DIV1;RCC_ClkInitStruct.APB1CLKDivider = RCC_HCLK_DIV2;RCC_ClkInitStruct.APB2CLKDivider = RCC_HCLK_DIV1;if (HAL_RCC_ClockConfig(&RCC_ClkInitStruct, FLASH_LATENCY_2) != HAL_OK){Error_Handler();}
}/*** @brief GPIO Initialization Function* @param None* @retval None*/
static void MX_GPIO_Init(void)
{GPIO_InitTypeDef GPIO_InitStruct = {0};
/* USER CODE BEGIN MX_GPIO_Init_1 */
/* USER CODE END MX_GPIO_Init_1 *//* GPIO Ports Clock Enable */__HAL_RCC_GPIOB_CLK_ENABLE();/*Configure GPIO pin Output Level */HAL_GPIO_WritePin(GPIOB, GPIO_PIN_0, GPIO_PIN_SET);/*Configure GPIO pin Output Level */HAL_GPIO_WritePin(GPIOB, GPIO_PIN_1|GPIO_PIN_2, GPIO_PIN_RESET);/*Configure GPIO pins : PB0 PB1 PB2 */GPIO_InitStruct.Pin = GPIO_PIN_0|GPIO_PIN_1|GPIO_PIN_2;GPIO_InitStruct.Mode = GPIO_MODE_OUTPUT_PP;GPIO_InitStruct.Pull = GPIO_NOPULL;GPIO_InitStruct.Speed = GPIO_SPEED_FREQ_VERY_HIGH;HAL_GPIO_Init(GPIOB, &GPIO_InitStruct);/* USER CODE BEGIN MX_GPIO_Init_2 */
/* USER CODE END MX_GPIO_Init_2 */
}/* USER CODE BEGIN 4 *//* USER CODE END 4 *//*** @brief This function is executed in case of error occurrence.* @retval None*/
void Error_Handler(void)
{/* USER CODE BEGIN Error_Handler_Debug *//* User can add his own implementation to report the HAL error return state */__disable_irq();while (1){}/* USER CODE END Error_Handler_Debug */
}#ifdef USE_FULL_ASSERT
/*** @brief Reports the name of the source file and the source line number* where the assert_param error has occurred.* @param file: pointer to the source file name* @param line: assert_param error line source number* @retval None*/
void assert_failed(uint8_t *file, uint32_t line)
{/* USER CODE BEGIN 6 *//* User can add his own implementation to report the file name and line number,ex: printf("Wrong parameters value: file %s on line %d\r\n", file, line) *//* USER CODE END 6 */
}
#endif /* USE_FULL_ASSERT */STM32例程下载
STM32F401模拟SPI协议控制数字电位器MCP41010电阻值例程
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