注意这里的SSH指的是Spring+SpringMVC+Hibernate环境，这里使用的版本均为4.x版本

1.引入jar包

下载Spring4和Hibernate4的jar包如下图所示：

先放上我的整体工程的目录：

2.编写配置文件

1.编写web.xml文件

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app xmlns="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee"xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"xsi:schemaLocation="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_3_1.xsd"version="3.1"><display-name>SSH</display-name><welcome-file-list><welcome-file>index.jsp</welcome-file></welcome-file-list><!-- 配置Spring IOC 容器 --><context-param><param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name><param-value>classpath:applicationContext.xml</param-value></context-param><listener><listener-class>org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener</listener-class></listener><!-- 配置SpringMVC 的 DispatcherServlet 控制器 --><servlet><servlet-name>springmvc</servlet-name><servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class><!-- 配置DispatcherServlet的一个初始化参数：配置SpringMVC配置文件的位置名称 --><init-param><param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name><param-value>classpath:springmvc.xml</param-value></init-param><load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup></servlet><servlet-mapping><servlet-name>springmvc</servlet-name><url-pattern>*.do</url-pattern></servlet-mapping><!-- 配置编码方式过滤器,注意一点:要配置在所有过滤器的前面 --><filter><filter-name>characterEncodingFilter</filter-name><filter-class>org.springframework.web.filter.CharacterEncodingFilter</filter-class><init-param><param-name>encoding</param-name><param-value>UTF-8</param-value></init-param></filter><filter-mapping><filter-name>characterEncodingFilter</filter-name><url-pattern>*.do</url-pattern></filter-mapping><!-- 为了使用SpringMVC框架实现REST风格,需要配置  HiddenHttpMethodFilter--><filter><filter-name>hiddenHttpMethodFilter</filter-name><filter-class>org.springframework.web.filter.HiddenHttpMethodFilter</filter-class></filter><filter-mapping><filter-name>hiddenHttpMethodFilter</filter-name><url-pattern>*.do</url-pattern></filter-mapping><!--hibernate对对象的管理是基于session的，如果开启了延迟加载，对于关联对象的查询可能会在渲染jsp的时候才发生，但是这个时候hibernate的当前session默认已经关闭了，就会抛异常，所以我们经常需要hibernate在渲染jsp页面的时候还开着session，这就需要在web.xml中配置一个拦截所有请求的filter--><filter><filter-name>hibernateFilter</filter-name><filter-class>org.springframework.orm.hibernate4.support.OpenSessionInViewFilter</filter-class></filter><filter-mapping><filter-name>hibernateFilter</filter-name><url-pattern>*.do</url-pattern></filter-mapping>
</web-app>

2.编写spring的applicationContext.xml文件

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsdhttp://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd"default-lazy-init="true"><!-- 配置自动扫描的包 --><context:component-scan base-package="cn.limbo"/><!-- 配置数据源 --><context:property-placeholder location="classpath:db.properties"/><!-- 配置DataSource --><bean id="dataSource" class="com.mchange.v2.c3p0.ComboPooledDataSource"><property name="user" value="${jdbc.user}" /><property name="password" value="${jdbc.password}" /><property name="driverClass" value="${jdbc.driverClass}" /><property name="jdbcUrl" value="${jdbc.jdbcUrl}" /></bean><!-- 配置SessionFactory --><bean id="sessionFactory" class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate4.LocalSessionFactoryBean"><!-- 配置数据源属性 --><property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource"/><!-- 配置扫描的实体包(pojo) --><property name="namingStrategy"><bean class="org.hibernate.cfg.ImprovedNamingStrategy"/></property><property name="packagesToScan" value="cn.limbo.entity"/><property name="hibernateProperties"><props><prop key="hibernate.dialect">org.hibernate.dialect.MySQL5InnoDBDialect</prop><prop key="hibernate.show_sql">true</prop><prop key="hibernate.format_sql">true</prop><prop key="hibernate.hbm2ddl.auto">update</prop></props></property></bean><!-- 配置Hibernate 的事物管理器 --><bean id="transactionManager" class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate4.HibernateTransactionManager"><property name="sessionFactory" ref="sessionFactory"/></bean>
</beans>

3.编写springmvc.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsdhttp://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsdhttp://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc.xsd"><!-- 配置自动扫描的包 --><context:component-scan base-package="cn.limbo"/><!-- 配置视图解析器：如何把handler方法返回值解析为实际的物理视图 --><bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver"/><!--<property name="prefix" value="/view/" />--><!--<property name="suffix" value=".jsp" />--><!--</bean>--><!-- 配置静态资源：default-servlet-handler将在SpringMVC上下文中定义DefaultServletHttpRequestHandler,它会对进入DispatcherServlet的请求进行筛选，如果发现是没有经过映射的请求，就将该请求交由WEB应用服务器默认的 Servlet处理。如果不是静态资源的请求，才由DispatcherServlet继续处理。 --><mvc:default-servlet-handler/><mvc:annotation-driven/>
</beans>

4.数据库配置文件 db.properties：

jdbc.user=root
jdbc.password=123456
jdbc.driverClass=com.mysql.jdbc.Driver
jdbc.jdbcUrl=jdbc:mysql:///spring_hibernate

5.日志输出配置log4j.properties

### direct log messages to stdout ###
log4j.appender.stdout=org.apache.log4j.ConsoleAppender
log4j.appender.stdout.Target=System.out
log4j.appender.stdout.layout=org.apache.log4j.PatternLayout
log4j.appender.stdout.layout.ConversionPattern=%d{ABSOLUTE} %5p %c{1}:%L - %m%n### direct messages to file hibernate.log ###
#log4j.appender.file=org.apache.log4j.FileAppender
#log4j.appender.file.File=hibernate.log
#log4j.appender.file.layout=org.apache.log4j.PatternLayout
#log4j.appender.file.layout.ConversionPattern=%d{ABSOLUTE} %5p %c{1}:%L - %m%n### set log levels - for more verbose logging change 'info' to 'debug' ###log4j.rootLogger=warn, stdout#log4j.logger.org.hibernate=info
#log4j.logger.org.hibernate=debug
log4j.logger.cn.limbo=debug

3.编写测试类

到第二步为止，基本的框架是搭建起来了，下面就是使用了

上面的项目结构也看出了我使用的是一般的dao设计模式

4.User.java

package cn.limbo.entity;import javax.persistence.*;
import java.io.Serializable;/*** Created by limbo on 2016/11/8.*/
@Entity(name = "user")
@Table(name = "user")
public class User implements Serializable {private Integer userId;private String userName;private Integer userAge;private String userAddress;public User() {}public User(String userName, Integer userAge, String userAddress) {this.userName = userName;this.userAge = userAge;this.userAddress = userAddress;}@Id@GeneratedValue(strategy = GenerationType.AUTO)@Column(name = "user_id", nullable = false)public Integer getUserId() {return userId;}public void setUserId(Integer userId) {this.userId = userId;}@Column(name = "user_name", nullable = false)public String getUserName() {return userName;}public void setUserName(String userName) {this.userName = userName;}@Column(name = "user_age", nullable = false)public Integer getUserAge() {return userAge;}public void setUserAge(Integer userAge) {this.userAge = userAge;}@Column(name = "user_address", nullable = false)public String getUserAddress() {return userAddress;}public void setUserAddress(String userAddress) {this.userAddress = userAddress;}@Overridepublic String toString() {return "User{" +"userId=" + userId +", userName='" + userName + '\'' +", userAge=" + userAge +", userAddress='" + userAddress + '\'' +'}';}
}

UserDao.java

package cn.limbo.dao;import cn.limbo.entity.User;import java.util.List;/*** Created by limbo on 2016/11/8.*/
public interface UserDao {public void save(User user);public List<User> findAll();}

UserDaoImpl.java

package cn.limbo.dao.impl;import cn.limbo.dao.UserDao;
import cn.limbo.entity.User;
import org.hibernate.*;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Repository;import java.util.List;/*** Created by limbo on 2016/11/8.*/
@Repository
public class UserDaoImpl implements UserDao {@Autowiredprivate SessionFactory sessionFactory;@Overridepublic void save(User user) {sessionFactory.getCurrentSession().save(user);}@Overridepublic List<User> findAll() {//Criteria较hq语句显得更加面向对象，但是没有hql语句的适用面广Criteria criteria = sessionFactory.getCurrentSession().createCriteria(User.class);return criteria.list();}
}

UserService.java

package cn.limbo.service;import cn.limbo.entity.User;import java.util.List;/*** Created by limbo on 2016/11/8.*/
public interface UserService {public void save(User user);public List<User> getAllUsers();}

UserServiceImpl.java

package cn.limbo.service.impl;import cn.limbo.dao.UserDao;
import cn.limbo.entity.User;
import cn.limbo.service.UserService;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;
import org.springframework.transaction.annotation.Transactional;import java.util.List;/*** Created by limbo on 2016/11/8.*/
@Service
@Transactional
public class UserServiceImpl implements UserService{@Autowiredprivate UserDao userDao;@Overridepublic void save(User user) {userDao.save(user);}@Overridepublic List<User> getAllUsers() {return userDao.findAll();}
}

UserController.java

package cn.limbo.controller;import cn.limbo.entity.User;
import cn.limbo.service.UserService;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import java.util.List;/*** Created by limbo on 2016/11/8.*/@Controller
@RequestMapping("/user")
public class UserController {@Autowiredprivate UserService userService;@RequestMapping("/showUsers.do")public String showUsers(HttpServletRequest request){request.setAttribute("list",userService.getAllUsers());return "/index.jsp";}@RequestMapping("/addUser.do")public String addUser(HttpServletRequest request){String userName = request.getParameter("userName");Integer userAge = Integer.valueOf(request.getParameter("userAge"));String userAddress = request.getParameter("userAddress");User user = new User(userName,userAge,userAddress);userService.save(user);return "showUsers.do";}
}

index.jsp

<%--Created by IntelliJ IDEA.User: limboDate: 2016/11/8Time: 下午4:18To change this template use File | Settings | File Templates.
--%>
<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %>
<%@ taglib prefix="c" uri="http://java.sun.com/jsp/jstl/core" %>
<html><head><title></title></head><body><table border="1"><tr><td>id</td><td>姓名</td><td>年龄</td><td>地址</td></tr><c:forEach items="${requestScope.list}" var="user"><tr><td>${user.userId}</td><td>${user.userName}</td><td>${user.userAge}</td><td>${user.userAddress}</td></tr></c:forEach></table><a href="addUser.jsp">添加</a></body>
</html>

addUser.jsp

<%--Created by IntelliJ IDEA.User: limboDate: 2016/11/8Time: 下午9:41To change this template use File | Settings | File Templates.
--%>
<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %>
<html>
<head><title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>
<form action="user/addUser.do"  method="post">姓名：<input type="text" name="userName" /><br>年龄：<input type="text" name="userAge" /><br>地址：<input type="text" name="userAddress" /><br><input type="submit" value="OK" />
</form>
</body>
</html>

ok,接下来只要开启服务器跑就好了。

4.总结

搭建项目的时候绕了不少的弯路，受到了一些阻碍，好在在万能的谷歌下我独自完成了项目的搭建，分享一下我遇到的问题和我的心得吧。

1.XML头的问题：

这个问题很坑，真的。如果你要使用类似于mvc，context等命名空间的话，一定要正确的引入这些东西，还有就是在xsi:schemaLocation里面指定好xsd文件的位置，XML文件的文档标识有dtd和xsd两种，后者是前者的替代，关于两者的区别联系就不再赘述。对了，如果报错提示‘xx通配符的匹配很全面 但无法找到元素’，绝对是你XML文件头的问题

2.Spring和Hibernate的配置文件问题：

a).spring配置与hibernate相关的bean的时候记得一定要是和hibernate4有关的类，不过具体看你用的hibernate的版本，如果是3就用3，5就用5，我知道我讲到这里肯定有人看的懵逼，就像这样的org.springframework.orm.hibernate4.LocalSessionFactoryBean看到了中间的4了吗？就是这个意思

b).hibernate自动创建表的问题，我刚刚搭建完的时候发现表不存在，我明明给hibernate创建表的那个配置上写的是update啊，找了一圈发现问题出在这里

<prop key="hibernate.dialect">org.hibernate.dialect.MySQL5InnoDBDialect</prop>因为我用的MySQL版本是5.x版本，所以要配置的是那个带5的。

3.心得：

OK，到这里就都好了，我配置的时候遇到的问题不多，项目还有很大的改进空间，比如使用Gradle来管理项目啊，引入Spring Security框架来做权限控制啊什么的，我搭了两遍才成功。写到后来发现，只要吧XML配置文件写清楚了就好了，写下来发现自己对整体流程还有XML的文件结构有了更加深刻的了解，接下来我想试着看看Spring的源码，了解一下所谓最棒的Java开源项目代码，也满足以下我的好奇心吧

附上源工程

http://download.csdn.net/detail/a1610770854/9688924