本篇是是vue路由的开篇,会以一个简单的demo对vue-router进行一个介绍,主要覆盖以下几个常用场景:
1、路由跳转
2、嵌套路由
3、路由参数
1、Vue-Router
一般来说,路由定义就是定义地址访问规则,然后由路由引擎根据这些定义的规则去查找对应的页面,并转发请求给页面进行处理;对于后端来说就是这么一个模式,但前端不同,前端路由变化也只是页面内的导航比如angular中的模版切换,比如vue和react中的component切换,这种方式都是基于浏览器hash模拟url跳转。
vue-router是官方提供的一套路由工具库,基于component的路由配置引入都非常简单,最常用的是两个指令:router-view 和 router-link,router-view用来提供占位,router-link提供路由链接,对于这两个指令的介绍,我们可以直接通过demo介绍。接下来我们以传统方式引入vue-router:
<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en"><head><meta charset="UTF-8"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0"><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="ie=edge"><title>Vue-demo2</title><script src="https://cdn.bootcss.com/vue/2.4.1/vue.js"></script><script src="https://cdn.bootcss.com/vue-router/2.7.0/vue-router.js"></script><link href="./css/layui.css" rel="stylesheet"> </head><body><div id="app"></div> </body>
2、路由跳转
对我们的demo做一下简单介绍,demo包含:首页、新闻列表、关于三个模块;其中新闻列表包含最新新闻、历史新闻;每个新闻题目单击时,可查看其详情页。
ok,第一步,我们实现基本的路由跳转,单击各个模块,分别打开对应“页面”,可以按照如下几个步骤处理:
1、创建模块组件
2、创建路由对象,配置路由组件映射关系
3、编写路由链接和容器
4、启用路由
首先,按照上述第一个步骤,我们需要创建三个模块组件:HomeComponent,NewsComponent,AboutComponent:
var HomeComponent = {template: '<div>Home</div>'};var NewsComponent = {template: '<div>News</div>'};var AboutComponent = {template: '<div>About</div>'};
第二步,配置路由组件映射关系:
var router = new VueRouter({
linkActiveClass:'layui-this',//active时会add class layui-thisroutes: [{ name: 'home', path: '/home', component: HomeComponent },{ name: 'news', path: '/news', component: NewsComponent },{ name: 'about', path: '/about', component: AboutComponent }]})
其中name表示一个具名路由,在创建路由链接的时候可以以path作为路径,也支持直接使用name作为跳转依据,但是path如果改变了,需要多个地方引入的path进行调整。
第三步,编写路由链接和容器,这里就是router-link和router-view指令的使用了,配置三个路由分别对应上面代码添加的三个路由(这里引入了layerui作为基础样式)
<div><ul class="layui-nav"><router-link :to="{name:'home'}" tag='li' class="layui-nav-item"><a href="">首页</a></router-link><router-link :to="{name:'news'}" tag='li' class="layui-nav-item"><a href="">新闻列表</a></router-link><router-link :to="{name:'about'}" tag='li' class="layui-nav-item"><a href="">联系我们</a></router-link></ul><div class="layer-form"><router-view></router-view></div></div>
其中to要写成:to,因为参数是对象,而不是一个字符串,tag表示router-link渲染的目标标签,这里表示渲染成li标签。
第四步,路由启用,路由模块可以深度集成到Vue实例中,集成方式如下:
var app = new Vue({el: '#app',template: `<div><ul class="layui-nav"><router-link :to="{name:'home'}" tag='li' class="layui-nav-item " extract><a href="">首页</a></router-link><router-link :to="{name:'news'}" tag='li' class="layui-nav-item"><a href="">新闻列表</a></router-link><router-link :to="{name:'about'}" tag='li' class="layui-nav-item"><a href="">联系我们</a></router-link></ul><div class="layer-form"><router-view></router-view></div></div> `,router: router})
此时完整代码如下:


<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en"><head><meta charset="UTF-8"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0"><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="ie=edge"><title>Vue-demo2</title><script src="https://cdn.bootcss.com/vue/2.4.1/vue.js"></script><script src="https://cdn.bootcss.com/vue-router/2.7.0/vue-router.js"></script><link href="./css/layui.css" rel="stylesheet"> </head><body><div id="app"></div><script>var HomeComponent = {template: '<div>Home</div>'};var NewsComponent = {template: '<div>News</div>'};var AboutComponent = {template: '<div>About</div>'};var router = new VueRouter({linkActiveClass:'layui-this',routes: [{ name: 'home', path: '/home', component: HomeComponent },{ name: 'news', path: '/news', component: NewsComponent },{ name: 'about', path: '/about', component: AboutComponent }]})var app = new Vue({el: '#app',template: `<div><ul class="layui-nav"><router-link :to="{name:'home'}" tag='li' class="layui-nav-item" extract><a href="">首页</a></router-link><router-link :to="{name:'news'}" tag='li' class="layui-nav-item"><a href="">新闻列表</a></router-link><router-link :to="{name:'about'}" tag='li' class="layui-nav-item"><a href="">联系我们</a></router-link></ul><div class="layer-form"><router-view></router-view></div></div> `,router: router})</script> </body></html>
浏览器打开运行,可见如图效果:
在运行过程中,我们发现有一点体验不好的地方,在初始化页面时,页面路径为#/时,并没有加载任何组件,因为我们没有配置任何一个路由path为‘/’,针对这种情况,可以增加一条路由规则,当路由为/时,跳转到默认路由;修改路由配置部分代码如下即可:
routes: [{path:'/',redirect:'/home'},{ name: 'home', path: '/home', component: HomeComponent },{ name: 'news', path: '/news', component: NewsComponent },{ name: 'about', path: '/about', component: AboutComponent }]
2、嵌套路由
现在模块之间跳转已经OK,但是对于新闻列表,需要包含最新列表和历史列表,这是在新闻列表模块下,但是模式和外层路由一样,还是按照我们的步骤来。
第一步,创建路由组件,这里是最新新闻列表和历史新闻列表:
var LatestNewsComponent = {template: '<div>Latest News</div>'}var HistoryNewsComponent = {template: '<div>History News</div>'}
第二步,配置组件和路由映射关系:
var router = new VueRouter({linkActiveClass: 'layui-this',routes: [{ path: '/', redirect: '/home' },{ name: 'home', path: '/home', component: HomeComponent },{name: 'news', path: '/news', component: NewsComponent,children: [{ path: '', redirect: 'latest' },//默认路由{ name: 'latest-news', path: 'latest', component: LatestNewsComponent },{ name: 'history-news', path: 'hisotry', component: HistoryNewsComponent }]},{ name: 'about', path: '/about', component: AboutComponent }]})
第三步,编写路由链接和路由容器,在这里修改NewsComponent:
var NewsComponent = {template: `<div style="margin-top:5px"> <ul class="layui-nav layui-nav-tree"><router-link :to="{name:'latest-news'}" class="layui-nav-item" tag="li">最新消息</router-link><router-link :to="{name:'history-news'}" class="layui-nav-item" tag="li">历史消息</router-link></ul><div><router-view></router-view></div></div>`};
第四步,启用路由,这个在配置基本路由的时候已经启用,此处忽略此步骤即可,刷新运行(不要在乎页面容颜,看功能,?):
3、路由参数
在web开发中,页面之间传递参数是最常见的业务场景,所以必不可少的前端路由也支持参数传递,有地方称这种路由为动态路由,无论什么名称,其实就是配置参数传递规则,针对我我们的demo,在最新新闻列表中,点击记录,访问到详情页,这时候我们就需要传递一个动态的记录id来确定具体是哪一条新闻,这种配置方式和angular-uirouter中的配置一样,还是按照我们上述步骤一步一步来:
第一步,创建组件新闻明细组件:
var NewsDetailComponent = {template: '<div>新闻编号为{{id}}</div>',data: function () {return {id: '',}},created: function () {this.id = this.$route.params.id;}}
路由对象启用后,$route对象注入到了component中,在任何组件中都可以访问,created方法是component生命周期方法,故名可思意,具体可查文档,一般用于初始化数据;
接着来添加路由规则:
var router = new VueRouter({linkActiveClass: 'layui-this',routes: [{ path: '/', redirect: '/home' },{ name: 'home', path: '/home', component: HomeComponent },{name: 'news', path: '/news', component: NewsComponent,children: [{ name: 'latest-news', path: 'latest', component: LatestNewsComponent },{ name: 'history-news', path: 'hisotry', component: HistoryNewsComponent },{ name: 'news-detail', path: ':id', component: NewsDetailComponent }]},{ name: 'about', path: '/about', component: AboutComponent }]})
修改最新news组件,添加路由链接:
var LatestNewsComponent = {template: `<ul><router-link tag='li' v-for="n in news" :key="n.id" :to="{name:'news-detail',params:{id:n.id}}">{{n.title}} </router-link></ul>`,data: function () {return {news: [{ id: '1', title: 'news 1' },{ id: '2', title: 'news 2' },{ id: '3', title: 'news 3' }]}}}
刷新页面并运行结果如下图所示:
4、小结
本篇只是对vue-router中最常用最简单的部分做了一下介绍,其实其中包含了另外好多没有介绍到的内容,比如路由生命周期,比如路由最大的话的组件重用处理,比如路由模式等等,这些。这些多了解一些的,可以直接去官方文档查看,这里也只是抛砖引玉,先介绍常用的或者后期会用到的,其它的部分根据情况添加,这篇到此为止,下篇接着学习router部分。。。
附全部源码:


<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en"><head><meta charset="UTF-8"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0"><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="ie=edge"><title>Vue-demo2</title><script src="https://cdn.bootcss.com/vue/2.4.1/vue.js"></script><script src="https://cdn.bootcss.com/vue-router/2.7.0/vue-router.js"></script><link href="./css/layui.css" rel="stylesheet"> </head><body><div id="app"></div><script>var HomeComponent = {template: '<div>Home</div>'};var NewsComponent = {template: `<div style="margin-top:5px"> <ul class="layui-nav layui-nav-tree"><router-link :to="{name:'latest-news'}" class="layui-nav-item" tag="li">最新消息</router-link><router-link :to="{name:'history-news'}" class="layui-nav-item" tag="li">历史消息</router-link></ul><div><router-view></router-view></div></div>` };var AboutComponent = {template: '<div>About</div>'};var LatestNewsComponent = {template: `<ul><router-link tag='li' v-for="n in news" :key="n.id" :to="{name:'news-detail',params:{id:n.id}}">{{n.title}} </router-link></ul>`, data: function () {return {news: [{ id: '1', title: 'news 1' },{ id: '2', title: 'news 2' },{ id: '3', title: 'news 3' }]}}}var HistoryNewsComponent = {template: '<div>History News</div>'}var NewsDetailComponent = {template: '<div>新闻编号为{{id}}</div>',data: function () {return {id: '',}},created: function () {this.id = this.$route.params.id;}}var router = new VueRouter({linkActiveClass: 'layui-this',routes: [{ path: '/', redirect: '/home' },{ name: 'home', path: '/home', component: HomeComponent },{name: 'news', path: '/news', component: NewsComponent,children: [{ name: 'latest-news', path: 'latest', component: LatestNewsComponent },{ name: 'history-news', path: 'hisotry', component: HistoryNewsComponent },{ name: 'news-detail', path: ':id', component: NewsDetailComponent }]},{ name: 'about', path: '/about', component: AboutComponent }]})var app = new Vue({el: '#app',template: `<div><ul class="layui-nav"><router-link :to="{name:'home'}" tag='li' class="layui-nav-item" extract><a href="">首页</a></router-link><router-link :to="{name:'latest-news'}" tag='li' class="layui-nav-item"><a href="">新闻列表</a></router-link><router-link :to="{name:'about'}" tag='li' class="layui-nav-item"><a href="">联系我们</a></router-link></ul><div class="layer-form"><router-view></router-view></div></div> `,router: router})</script> </body></html>