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前言
本篇文章用最简单和快速的方法介绍如何在 Red Hat Enterprise Linux 安装 Oracle Instant Client，该方法同样适用于 Windows，RHEL5/6/7，OEL，CentOS。Oracle Instant Client 是官方免费授权的一种比 Oracle Client 还要简单的数据库管理工具，通过 SQL*Plus 或者其它工具比如 Navicat 等用于快速连接和管理 Oracle 数据库服务器。
Install Oracle instantclient basic and instantclient sqlplus on Linux and Windows.
更新记录
2017 年 08 月 10 日 - 初稿
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Oracle Instant Client Downloads
文章内容均已 64 位版本为例，如果客户端有特殊需求请使用 32 位版本兼容
Linux Oracle Instant Client 推荐使用 RPM 方式安装，如果需要定制具体路径可以使用 zip 包手动配置
Windows 和 Linux 类似但需要主要 PATH 环境变量的配置
实测 12 版本客户端可以向下兼容 11 版本的数据库服务器，Oracle Instant Client 12.2.0.1.0，Oracle Database 11.2.0.3.0
Linux
以 RPM 最简方式为例
Preparation
Download all the required RPM from the official site and put them on the target system.
Current RPMs for 64bit are:
oracle-instantclient12.2-basic-12.2.0.1.0-1.x86_64.rpm
oracle-instantclient12.2-sqlplus-12.2.0.1.0-1.x86_64.rpm
Install RPMs
# install as root
rpm -ivh oracle-instantclient12.2-basic-12.2.0.1.0-1.x86_64.rpm oracle-instantclient12.2-sqlplus-12.2.0.1.0-1.x86_64.rpm
# create oracle group and user
groupadd dba
useradd -g dba oracle
echo oracle:oracle | chpasswd
# configure profile
su - oracle
vi ~/.bash_profile
export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=/usr/lib/oracle/12.2/client64/lib
export TNS_ADMIN=/usr/lib/oracle/12.2/client64/
export PATH=/usr/lib/oracle/12.2/client64/bin:$PATH
# Connect to Your database with:
sqlplus system/[email protected]
# create new tnsnames.ora
# ORA-12154: TNS:could not resolve the connect identifier specified
vim /usr/lib/oracle/12.2/client64/tnsnames.ora
oracapdb =
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 172.28.70.244)(PORT = 1521))
(CONNECT_DATA =
(SERVER = DEDICATED)
(SERVICE_NAME = oracapdb)
)
)
# You can also use the Easy Connect connection string format (does not use TNSNAMES):
sqlplus system/[email protected]//172.28.70.244:1521/oracapdb
Windows
Windows 的配置相比 Linux 差不多简单，注意环境变量尤其是 TNS_ADMIN
Preparation
unzip files
# 下载解压以下两个包至目录，比如 C:\instantclient_12_2
instantclient-basic-windows.x64-12.2.0.1.0.zip
instantclient-sqlplus-windows.x64-12.2.0.1.0.zip
# 设置环境变量
计算机右键 [属性] ---- [高级系统设置] ---- [环境变量] ---- [系统变量] ---- [ Path ]
# Setup your system %PATH% and %TNS_ADMIN% variables
C:\instantclient_12_2
# Connect to Your database with:
sqlplus system/[email protected]
# TNS_ADMIN
# ORA-12154: TNS:could not resolve the connect identifier specified
Variable Name: TNS_ADMIN
Variable Value: C:\instantclient_12_2
# create new tnsnames.ora
C:\instantclient_12_2\tnsnames.ora
oracapdb =
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 172.28.70.244)(PORT = 1521))
(CONNECT_DATA =
(SERVER = DEDICATED)
(SERVICE_NAME = oracapdb)
)
)
# You can also use the Easy Connect connection string format (does not use TNSNAMES):
sqlplus system/[email protected]//172.28.70.244:1521/oracapdb