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  尽量保证不出现内存泄露，先使用 QSharedData 和 QExplicitlySharedDataPointer等都开发完成一起检查。

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1 简单了解DICOM 协议

  需要先简单了解一下 DICOM 协议

  DICOM 协议中 Patient Root 查询/检索信息模型建立在一个四等级的分层基础之上

• PATIENT （病人）
• STUDY （检查）
• SERIES （序列）
• IMAGE （影像）

├── PATIENT （病人）
│ │ └── STUDY （检查）
│ │ │ │ └── SERIES （序列）
│ │ │ │ │ │ └── IMAGE （影像）
│ │ │ │ └── SERIES （序列）
│ │ │ │ │ │ └── IMAGE （影像）
│ │ │ │ │ │ └── IMAGE （影像）
│ │ └── STUDY （检查）
│ │ │ │ └── SERIES （序列）
│ │ │ │ │ │ └── IMAGE （影像）

ps: Study Root查询/检索信息模型与Patient Root查询/检索信息模型是相同的除了它的最高等级是检查等级之外。

  还有一个比较重要

• SOP （DICOM应用都提供了哪些服务)

  简单概括就是，每一位病人可以做多次检查，每次检查有多个序列，每个序列有多张影像，每张影像可以有多层或者一层。
  每个影像可以提供不同的dicom服务。

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2 DicomImage 常用功能

2.1 DicomImage 转 QPixmap

static bool GetPixmap(const QString &dicomFile, QPixmap &pixmap);
static bool Dcm2BmpHelper(DicomImage &dcm_image_, QPixmap &pixmap, const qint32 frame = 0);//---------------------------------------------------------------
void FreeBuffer(void *pBuf) {delete pBuf;
}//---------------------------------------------------------------
bool ImageInstanceData::GetPixmap(const QString &dicomFile, QPixmap &pixmap) {ImageInstanceData image(dicomFile);return image.GetPixmap(pixmap);
}//---------------------------------------------------------------
bool ImageInstanceData::Dcm2BmpHelper(DicomImage &dcmImage, QPixmap &pixmap, const qint32 frame) {qint32 w = static_cast<qint32>(dcmImage.getWidth());qint32 h = static_cast<qint32>(dcmImage.getHeight());void *pDIB = nullptr;qint32 size;if(dcmImage.getFrameCount() > 1) {quint64 tmp = static_cast<quint64>(frame);size = static_cast<qint32>(dcmImage.createWindowsDIB(pDIB, 0, tmp, 32, 0, 1));} else {size = static_cast<qint32>(dcmImage.createWindowsDIB(pDIB, 0, 0, 32, 0, 1));}if (size == w * h * 4) {QImage image( static_cast<uchar *>(pDIB), w, h,QImage::Format_RGB32, FreeBuffer, pDIB);pixmap = QPixmap::fromImage(image);return !pixmap.isNull();}return false;
}

2.2 DicomImage 剪裁

//---------------------------------------------------------------
DicomImage *ImageInstanceData::CreateClippedImage(const QRect &rect, int angle, bool hflip, bool vflip, bool inverted) {DicomImage *image = dcm_image_;if (!image) {return image;}int ret = 1;double min, max;image->getMinMaxValues(min, max);double pvalue = image->getPhotometricInterpretation() ==EPI_Monochrome1 ? max : min;DicomImage *newImage =image->createClippedImage(static_cast<long>( rect.left()),static_cast<long>( rect.top()),static_cast<unsigned long>( rect.width()),static_cast<unsigned long>( rect.height()),static_cast<unsigned short>( pvalue));if (newImage) {if (ret && angle) {ret = newImage->rotateImage(angle % 360);}if (ret && hflip) {ret = newImage->flipImage(1, 0);}if (ret && vflip) {ret = newImage->flipImage(0, 1);}if (ret && inverted) {ret = newImage->setPolarity(EPP_Reverse);}if (!ret) {delete newImage;newImage = nullptr;}}return newImage;
}

2.3 DcmFileFormat 获取 标签信息

//---------------------------------------------------------------
QString ImageInstanceData::GetTagKeyValue(const DcmTagKey &key) const {OFString val;if (dcmff_ && dcmff_->getDataset()) {dcmff_->getDataset()->findAndGetOFString(key, val);}return QString::fromLocal8Bit(val.c_str());
}

2.4 DcmFileFormat 获取 常用标签/图片

//---------------------------------------------------------------
void ImageInstanceData::InitImage() {DJDecoderRegistration::registerCodecs();DcmDataset *dset;OFCondition result;if (dcmff_ && (dset = dcmff_->getDataset())) {dcmff_->loadAllDataIntoMemory();dset->chooseRepresentation(EXS_LittleEndianExplicit, nullptr);const char *val = nullptr;result = dset->findAndGetString(DCM_StudyInstanceUID, val);study_uid_ = QString::fromLocal8Bit(val);result = dset->findAndGetString(DCM_SeriesInstanceUID, val);series_uid_ = QString::fromLocal8Bit(val);result = dset->findAndGetString(DCM_SOPInstanceUID, val);image_uid_ = QString::fromLocal8Bit(val);result = dset->findAndGetString(DCM_SOPClassUID, val);class_uid_ = QString::fromLocal8Bit(val);result = dset->findAndGetFloat64(DCM_PixelSpacing, pixel_y_, 0);result = dset->findAndGetFloat64(DCM_PixelSpacing, pixel_x_, 1);result = dset->findAndGetFloat64(DCM_WindowWidth, win_width_);result = dset->findAndGetFloat64(DCM_WindowCenter, win_center_);def_center_ = win_center_;def_width_ = win_width_;dcm_image_ = new DicomImage(dset, dset->getOriginalXfer());if (dcm_image_->getStatus() == EIS_Normal) {if (win_width_ < 1) {dcm_image_->setRoiWindow(0, 0, dcm_image_->getWidth(), dcm_image_->getHeight());dcm_image_->getWindow(win_center_, win_width_);def_center_ = win_center_;def_width_ = win_width_;}} else {delete dcm_image_;dcm_image_ = nullptr;}}
}

2.5 DicomImage 获取像素信息

//---------------------------------------------------------------
double ImageInstanceData::GetPixelValue(long x, long y) const {DicomImage *image = dcm_image_;if (image) {const DiPixel *pixel = image->getInterData();if (pixel && (x < static_cast<long>(image->getWidth())) && (x >= 0)&& (y < static_cast<long>(image->getHeight())) && (y >= 0)) {EP_Representation r = pixel->getRepresentation();switch (r) {case EPR_Sint8:return *((char *)(pixel->getData()) +(y * image->getWidth() + x));case EPR_Uint8:return *((uchar *)(pixel->getData()) +(y * image->getWidth() + x));case EPR_Sint16:return *((short *)(pixel->getData()) +(y * image->getWidth() + x));case EPR_Uint16:return *((ushort *)(pixel->getData()) +(y * image->getWidth() + x));case EPR_Sint32:return *((int *)(pixel->getData()) +(y * image->getWidth() + x));case EPR_Uint32:return *((uint *)(pixel->getData()) +(y * image->getWidth() + x));}}}return 0;
}

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3 ImageInstanceData 封装

  我这里把每张影像（dcmtk库中是DicomImage）封装成一个QSharedData。预留接口方便Qt框架显示、调用。

注意：每张影像尺寸是三维的 比如

• 512 X 512 X 1 表示这个影像只有一帧
• 512 X 512 X 250 表示这个影像有很多帧

  自定义的QSharedData影像包含数据：

	// Patient uid 不需要，最后显示按照 STUDY 分类QString study_uid_;// STUDY uidQString series_uid_;// SERIES uidQString image_uid_;// IMAGE uidQString class_uid_;// SOP uiddouble pixel_x_;// x方向间距double pixel_y_;// y方向间距double def_center_;// 窗位窗宽double def_width_;// 窗位窗宽double win_width_;// 窗位窗宽double win_center_;// 窗位窗宽DcmFileFormat *dcmff_;// dcm 文件DicomImage *dcm_image_;// 图片QString image_file_;// 文件名   

class DcmTagKey;
class DicomImage;
class DcmFileFormat;class ImageInstanceData: public QSharedData {public:static bool GetPixmap(const QString &dicomFile, QPixmap &pixmap);static bool Dcm2BmpHelper(DicomImage &dcm_image_, QPixmap &pixmap, const qint32 frame = 0);public:explicit ImageInstanceData(const QString &file);explicit ImageInstanceData(DcmFileFormat *dff);~ImageInstanceData();void SetWindow(const double &center, const double &width);void GetWindow(double &center, double &width) const;void SetWindowDelta(const double &dCenter, const double &dWidth);void SetRoiWindow(const QRectF &rect);void SetFullDynamic();void SetDefaultWindow();QString GetStudyUid() const;QString GetSeriesUid() const;QString GetImageUid() const;QString GetClassUid() const;QString GetImageFile() const;void SetPolarity(EP_Polarity polarity);EP_Polarity GetPolarity() const;bool GetPixmap(QPixmap &pixmap);bool GetPixmap(QPixmap &pixmap, const qint32 &frame);bool IsNormal() const;DicomImage *CreateClippedImage(const QRect &rect, int angle = 0,bool hflip = false, bool vflip = false,bool inverted = false);QString GetTagKeyValue(const DcmTagKey &key) const;double GetPixelValue(long x, long y) const;bool GetPixSpacing(double &spacingX, double &spacingY) const;bool GetImageSize(ulong &width, ulong &height) const;const short *GetInternalPtr() const;const ushort *GetRawData() const;const DicomImage *GetDcmImage() const;DcmFileFormat *GetFileFormat() const;bool SaveFileFormat();qint32 GetFrameCount() const;private:void InitImage();private:QString study_uid_;QString series_uid_;QString image_uid_;QString class_uid_;double pixel_x_;double pixel_y_;double def_center_;double def_width_;double win_width_;double win_center_;DcmFileFormat *dcmff_;DicomImage *dcm_image_;QString image_file_;
};

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4 ImageInstance 封装

  如果直接使用 QSharedData 后面会很麻烦。需要再搞一个Instance作为程序里传递使用。利用QExplicitlySharedDataPointer实现显式共享。

class DicomImage;class ImageInstance {public:ImageInstance(const QString &file);ImageInstance(DcmFileFormat *dff);ImageInstance(const ImageInstance &image);void SetWindow(const double &center, const double &width);void GetWindow(double &center, double &width) const;void SetWindowDelta(const double &dCenter, const double &dWidth);void SetRoiWindow(const QRectF &rect);void SetDefaultWindow();void SetFullDynamic();void GetPolarity(EP_Polarity p);EP_Polarity GetPolarity() const;QString GetStudyUid() const;QString GetSeriesUid() const;QString GetImageUid() const;QString GetClassUid() const;QString GetImageFile() const;bool GetPixmap(QPixmap &pixmap);bool GetPixmap(QPixmap &pixmap, const qint32 &frame);bool IsNormal() const;DicomImage *CreateClippedImage(const QRect &rect, int angle = 0, bool hflip = false,bool vflip = false, bool inverted = false);QString GetTagKeyValue(const DcmTagKey &key) const;uint GetPixelValue(long x, long y) const;bool GetPixSpacing(double &spacingX, double &spacingY) const;bool GetImageSize(ulong &width, ulong &height) const;const short *GetInternalPtr() const;const ushort *GetRawData() const;const DicomImage *GetDcmImage() const;DcmFileFormat *GetFileFormat();bool SaveFileFormat();qint32 GetFrameCount() const;//static bool GetPixmap(const QString &file, QPixmap &pixmap);static bool Dcm2BmpHelper(DicomImage &image, QPixmap &pixmap,const qint32 frame = 0);private:QExplicitlySharedDataPointer<ImageInstanceData> d_;
};Q_DECLARE_TYPEINFO(ImageInstance, Q_MOVABLE_TYPE);